Paris, the City of Light, is renowned for its stunning architecture, rich history, and cultural significance. As the capital of France, Paris stands as a global center for art, fashion, gastronomy, and architecture. Its iconic landmarks, world-class museums, and picturesque neighborhoods blend seamlessly to create a cityscape that is both awe-inspiring and intimate. Here are 20 must-see attractions that showcase the best of what Paris has to offer.
1. Eiffel Tower
The iconic Eiffel Tower is undoubtedly the most recognizable landmark in Paris. Built in 1889 for the World’s Fair, this wrought-iron structure stands at 324 meters (1,063 feet) tall. Visitors can ascend to three different levels, with the top floor offering breathtaking panoramic views of the city. The tower is particularly magical at night when it sparkles with thousands of lights every hour. For those seeking a unique dining experience, the tower houses two restaurants: 58 Tour Eiffel on the first level and the Michelin-starred Le Jules Verne on the second level. Whether viewed from afar or experienced up close, the Eiffel Tower remains an enduring symbol of Parisian romance and engineering marvel.
2. Louvre Museum
The Louvre, housed in the Louvre Palace, is the world’s largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris. With over 380,000 objects and 35,000 works of art displayed across 60,600 square meters (652,300 square feet), it’s a treasure trove of human creativity and history. The museum’s most famous resident is Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, but it also houses countless other masterpieces like the Venus de Milo and the Winged Victory of Samothrace. Beyond paintings and sculptures, the Louvre’s collections span from ancient civilizations to the mid-19th century, including Egyptian antiquities, Near Eastern antiquities, Greek and Roman art, and decorative arts. The museum’s striking glass pyramid entrance, designed by I.M. Pei, has become an attraction in its own right since its completion in 1989.
3. Notre-Dame Cathedral
Notre-Dame de Paris, a masterpiece of French Gothic architecture, has been an integral part of Paris’s skyline for over 850 years. Despite the devastating fire in 2019, the cathedral remains a symbol of Parisian resilience and cultural heritage. The ongoing restoration efforts aim to reopen the cathedral to the public by 2024. Even from the exterior, visitors can admire the intricate stone carvings, the famous rose windows, and the iconic twin towers. The cathedral’s rich history, including its role in Victor Hugo’s “The Hunchback of Notre-Dame,” continues to captivate visitors from around the world. While interior access is currently restricted, the surrounding area offers beautiful views of the Seine and the cathedral’s ongoing rebirth.
4. Arc de Triomphe
Standing majestically at the western end of the Champs-Élysées, the Arc de Triomphe honors those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Commissioned by Napoleon in 1806, this monumental arch stands 50 meters (164 feet) tall and offers spectacular views of Paris from its observation deck. The tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I lies beneath the arch, with an eternal flame rekindled every evening. The intricate sculptural groups on the arch’s pillars depict key moments from French history. Visitors can climb to the top for panoramic views of the twelve radiating avenues, including the famous Champs-Élysées. The Arc de Triomphe is particularly striking at night when it’s illuminated and serves as a focal point for celebrations and commemorations throughout the year.
5. Musée d’Orsay
Housed in the former Gare d’Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built in 1900, the Musée d’Orsay is a testament to 19th and early 20th-century art. The museum’s collection primarily focuses on French art dating from 1848 to 1914, including paintings, sculptures, furniture, and photography. It boasts the world’s largest collection of impressionist and post-impressionist masterpieces, featuring works by Monet, Manet, Degas, Renoir, Cézanne, Seurat, Sisley, Gauguin, and Van Gogh. The building itself is a work of art, with its grand clock face and stunning interior architecture. The top floor offers a unique perspective of Paris through the station’s giant clock. With its comprehensive collection and beautiful setting, the Musée d’Orsay provides visitors with an unparalleled journey through a pivotal period in art history.
6. Sainte-Chapelle
Sainte-Chapelle, a royal chapel within the medieval Palais de la Cité, is a gem of Gothic architecture. Built in the 13th century to house Christian relics, including Christ’s Crown of Thorns, it’s renowned for its spectacular stained glass windows. The chapel consists of two levels: the lower chapel, once used by palace staff, and the upper chapel, reserved for the royal family. The upper chapel’s 15 towering stained glass windows, depicting 1,113 scenes from the Old and New Testaments, create a mesmerizing kaleidoscope of light and color. The intricate details of the chapel’s architecture, including its vaulted ceiling and ornate sculptures, showcase the pinnacle of medieval craftsmanship. Despite its compact size, Sainte-Chapelle offers visitors an awe-inspiring experience of Gothic artistry and spiritual symbolism.
7. Palace of Versailles
Located just outside Paris, the Palace of Versailles is a royal château that embodies the height of French monarchy’s power and extravagance. Originally a hunting lodge, it was transformed by Louis XIV into a lavish palace that became the center of political power in France from 1682 until the French Revolution. The palace’s opulent interiors, including the famous Hall of Mirrors, showcase the grandeur of French Baroque style. The vast gardens, designed by André Le Nôtre, feature meticulously manicured lawns, fountains, and sculptures. Visitors can explore the main palace, the Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon palaces, and Marie Antoinette’s Estate. The Palace of Versailles not only offers a glimpse into French royal life but also serves as a testament to the artistic and architectural achievements of the 17th and 18th centuries.
8. Centre Pompidou
The Centre Pompidou, with its distinctive inside-out architecture, is a cultural institution dedicated to modern and contemporary art. Designed by Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers, the building’s exposed structural and mechanical systems, color-coded by function, create a striking contrast to Paris’s traditional architecture. The center houses the largest museum for modern art in Europe, the Public Information Library, and a center for music and acoustic research. Its collection includes works by Picasso, Kandinsky, Chagall, and many other 20th and 21st-century artists. The center also hosts temporary exhibitions, film screenings, and performances. The piazza in front of the building is a popular gathering spot, often featuring street performers and artists. With its innovative design and rich cultural offerings, the Centre Pompidou continues to challenge and inspire visitors.
9. Sacré-Cœur
Perched atop the highest hill in Paris in the charming Montmartre neighborhood, the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paris, commonly known as Sacré-Cœur, is a striking example of Romano-Byzantine architecture. Built between 1875 and 1914, the basilica was designed as a national penance for the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War. Its white travertine stone exterior maintains its bright appearance despite weathering. The interior features one of the largest mosaics in the world, depicting Christ with outstretched arms. Visitors can climb to the dome for panoramic views of Paris or explore the crypt. The steps leading up to the basilica are a popular gathering spot, especially at sunset, offering stunning views of the city. Sacré-Cœur’s unique architecture, spiritual significance, and commanding location make it a must-visit Parisian landmark.
10. Musée Rodin
Dedicated to the works of French sculptor Auguste Rodin, the Musée Rodin offers a unique blend of art and nature. Housed in the 18th-century Hôtel Biron, where Rodin lived and worked, the museum showcases his sculptures, drawings, and collected works. The museum’s garden is a particular highlight, featuring some of Rodin’s most famous sculptures, including “The Thinker” and “The Gates of Hell.” Inside, visitors can explore Rodin’s artistic process through his plaster casts and maquettes. The museum also houses works by Rodin’s contemporaries and students, including Camille Claudel. With its intimate setting and comprehensive collection, the Musée Rodin provides a deeply personal look at one of the most influential sculptors of the modern era.
11. Panthéon
Originally built as a church dedicated to St. Genevieve, the Panthéon now serves as a mausoleum for distinguished French citizens. Its neoclassical architecture, inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, features a massive dome and an imposing colonnade. Inside, visitors can admire the intricate frescoes depicting scenes from French history and Foucault’s pendulum, which demonstrates the rotation of the Earth. The crypt houses the remains of notable figures such as Voltaire, Rousseau, Victor Hugo, and Marie Curie. The Panthéon’s elevated position in the Latin Quarter offers beautiful views of Paris. As a symbol of national identity and a celebration of French achievements, the Panthéon provides visitors with a unique perspective on French history and culture.
12. Jardin des Tuileries
Stretching between the Louvre and the Place de la Concorde, the Jardin des Tuileries is a historic public garden that offers a peaceful retreat in the heart of Paris. Created by Catherine de’ Medici in 1564 and later redesigned by André Le Nôtre, the garden exemplifies the French formal style. Its long allées, manicured lawns, and sculptural displays provide a stark contrast to the bustling city around it. The garden features two museums, the Musée de l’Orangerie and the Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, both housing impressive art collections. In summer, the garden comes alive with a fun fair, while year-round, it serves as a popular spot for Parisians and tourists alike to relax, picnic, or simply enjoy the beauty of nature amidst iconic Parisian landmarks.
13. Palais Garnier
The Palais Garnier, home to the Paris Opera, is an architectural masterpiece of the Second Empire style. Built between 1861 and 1875, it’s known for its opulent baroque revival details and grand staircase. The auditorium’s ceiling, painted by Marc Chagall in 1964, adds a modern touch to the classic interior. The building’s facade, adorned with sculptures representing various musical themes, is a work of art in itself. Visitors can tour the public areas, including the grand foyer with its ceiling frescoes and chandeliers. The Palais Garnier is not only a working opera house but also the setting for Gaston Leroux’s novel “The Phantom of the Opera.” Its blend of history, architecture, and ongoing artistic performances makes it a must-visit for culture enthusiasts.
14. Catacombs of Paris
Beneath the streets of Paris lies a network of tunnels and caves known as the Catacombs, housing the remains of more than six million people. Created in the late 18th century to address the city’s overflowing cemeteries, the Catacombs offer a unique and somewhat macabre glimpse into Paris’s history. Visitors descend 130 steps to explore about 1.5 kilometers of tunnels lined with carefully arranged bones and skulls. Plaques and sculptures throughout the ossuary provide historical context and philosophical reflections on mortality. The constant temperature and humidity create an eerie atmosphere, making the Catacombs a fascinating, if unconventional, Parisian attraction. Due to its popularity and limited capacity, it’s advisable to book tickets in advance.
15. Luxembourg Palace
The Luxembourg Palace, located in the heart of the 6th arrondissement, is a magnificent example of French classical architecture and an important center of political power. Originally built in the early 17th century for Queen Marie de’ Medici, the palace now serves as the seat of the French Senate. Its grand façade, adorned with sculptures and intricate stonework, is a testament to the opulence of French royalty. While the interior is not generally open to the public due to its governmental function, visitors can admire the palace’s exterior and explore the surrounding Luxembourg Gardens. The palace’s rich history, which includes serving as a royal residence, a prison during the French Revolution, and now a legislative building, reflects the evolving story of France itself. On certain days, guided tours of the palace are available, offering a rare glimpse into the ornate chambers where French senators debate and shape national policy. The Luxembourg Palace, with its blend of historical significance and contemporary importance, stands as a symbol of France’s enduring political and cultural heritage
16. Place de la Concorde
The largest square in Paris, Place de la Concorde, marks the eastern end of the Champs-Élysées. Rich in history and symbolism, it was the site of many notable events, including the execution of King Louis XVI during the French Revolution. Today, it’s known for its Egyptian obelisk from Luxor, gifted to France in 1833, and the two monumental fountains representing the seas and rivers of France. The square offers stunning views of the Tuileries Garden to the east and the Champs-Élysées to the west. Surrounding the square are eight statues representing French cities. At night, the illuminated obelisk and fountains create a magical atmosphere. As a central point connecting many of Paris’s major attractions, Place de la Concorde serves as both a historical landmark and a vibrant public space.
17. Les Invalides
Les Invalides, a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement, is a significant landmark in Paris’s military history. Originally built in the 17th century as a hospital and retirement home for war veterans, it now houses several museums and monuments related to France’s military history. The most striking feature is the golden dome of the Church of the Dome, which contains Napoleon Bonaparte’s tomb. Visitors can explore the Musée de l’Armée, one of the world’s largest military museums, showcasing weapons, uniforms, and artifacts from ancient times to World War II. The complex also includes the Musée des Plans-Reliefs, featuring detailed models of fortified cities, and the Musée d’Histoire Contemporaine. With its blend of architectural beauty and historical significance, Les Invalides offers visitors a deep dive into French military history and the legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte.
18. Luxembourg Gardens
The Luxembourg Gardens, created in 1612 by Marie de’ Medici, is a 23-hectare oasis in the heart of Paris’s Left Bank. The garden, which surrounds the Luxembourg Palace (now home to the French Senate), blends French and English landscaping styles. It features meticulously manicured lawns, tree-lined promenades, and over a hundred statues, including the famous Medici Fountain. The garden is a favorite spot for Parisians to relax, play chess, or enjoy a picnic. Children can sail model boats in the central pond or enjoy the vintage carousel and puppet theater. With its beautiful flowers, historic fountains, and tranquil atmosphere, the Luxembourg Gardens offer a perfect respite from the bustling city and a glimpse into the Parisian way of life.
19. Musée Carnavalet
Dedicated to the history of Paris, the Musée Carnavalet is housed in two neighboring mansions in the Marais district. Recently reopened after extensive renovations, the museum offers a chronological journey through Paris’s history, from prehistoric times to the present day. Its collection includes paintings, sculptures, furniture, and everyday objects that tell the story of the city’s evolution. Highlights include a room dedicated to the French Revolution, Marcel Proust’s bedroom, and Art Nouveau interiors. The museum’s courtyard and gardens, featuring sculptures and architectural fragments from demolished Parisian buildings, are attractions in themselves. With its comprehensive collection and beautifully preserved historic setting, the Musée Carnavalet provides visitors with a deep dive into the rich tapestry of Parisian history and culture.
20. Seine River Cruise
A Seine River cruise offers a unique perspective on Paris, allowing visitors to see many of the city’s most famous landmarks from the water. These cruises typically pass by Notre-Dame Cathedral, the Louvre, the Musée d’Orsay, the Eiffel Tower, and under many of Paris’s historic bridges, including the Pont Neuf and Pont Alexandre III. Daytime cruises provide excellent photo opportunities, while evening cruises showcase the city’s illuminated monuments. Many cruises offer dining options, from casual snacks to gourmet meals. Some boats feature glass roofs and heated interiors for year-round comfort. Whether you choose a short sightseeing trip or a longer dinner cruise, a Seine River cruise offers a relaxing and romantic way to experience the beauty of Paris from a different angle.
Where to Stay
Paris offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit all budgets and preferences:
Luxury: For a high-end experience, consider staying in the 1st, 8th, or 16th arrondissements. Top luxury hotels include the Four Seasons Hotel George V, The Ritz Paris, and Le Bristol Paris.
Mid-range: The 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th arrondissements offer great mid-range options. Popular choices include Hotel Monge, Hotel Fabric, and Hotel La Lanterne.
Budget: For more affordable options, look at the 10th, 11th, or 18th arrondissements. Hostels and budget hotels like Generator Paris, Mama Shelter Paris East, and Ibis Paris Montmartre offer good value.
Apartments: For a more local experience, consider renting an apartment through platforms like Airbnb or VRBO, especially for longer stays.
How to Get There
Paris is easily accessible by various modes of transportation:
By Air: Paris is served by two main airports:
- Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG): The largest international airport, located 23 km northeast of the city.
- Orly Airport (ORY): Closer to the city center, handling both domestic and international flights.
From the airports, you can reach the city center by taxi, bus, or train (RER B from CDG, Orlyval from ORY).
By Train: Paris is well-connected to other European cities via high-speed trains like the Eurostar (from London) and TGV. The main stations are Gare du Nord, Gare de l’Est, and Gare de Lyon.
By Car: While driving in Paris can be challenging, it’s possible to reach the city by car via major highways from other parts of France and Europe.
By Bus: Long-distance bus services like Flixbus and Blablabus connect Paris to other European cities, often at budget-friendly prices.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Paris depends on your preferences, but generally:
Spring (March to May): Ideal for mild weather and fewer crowds. Parks and gardens are in bloom, making it perfect for outdoor activities.
Summer (June to August): Peak tourist season with warm weather, long days, and numerous outdoor events. However, it’s also the most crowded and expensive time.
Fall (September to November): Another excellent time to visit with mild temperatures and fewer tourists. Cultural events are in full swing.
Winter (December to February): Coldest and wettest season, but magical during the holiday period. It’s the low season, offering better deals on accommodations.
Key Considerations:
- Avoid August if possible, as many businesses close for summer holidays.
- For the best balance of good weather and manageable crowds, aim for April-May or September-October.
- If you’re on a budget, consider visiting in the winter months (except for the holiday season) for the best deals.
Remember to book accommodations and popular attractions in advance, especially during peak seasons.